Senin, 28 November 2011

HOTEL DEPARTMENT


FRONT OFFICE DEPARTMENT
1. Reservation manager
Is a position that can be found at many major hotels. Incumbent is responsible for handling incoming reservation requests and noted specifically as a form of service. Specific duties of this job is really done continuously, aims to provide accurate information and confirmations to guests.
Reservation Manager is responsible for the smooth operational room reservation as a whole, including konfirmed reservation requests, request special services, answering requests for information from prospective guests and establish good communication with marketing and sales departments.

2. Reservation supervisor
Supervision sexy reservation is responsible for the supervision and smooth sexy operational reservation in working group (one shift). In addition, supervision of reservation is also tasked to create a schedule for his subordinates. He must ensure that his subordinates to get a proportional and balanced schedules, such as overtime, holidays, leave, and so forth.

3. Reservation clerk
Booking officer, namely operational officer who handles all bookings. Officer responsible for booking orders that go to a hotel room through various methods and from various sources.
These officers have the authority to accept and reject the reservation. Reservations can be rejected if the hotel room is full. In such case the officer must offer alternatives first. Handling includes carrying out data recording reservation on the reservation form, giving answers or konfirmation in writing, and archive data reservation. Archiving should be done accurately to facilitate the administration of guests at the guest check-in.

4. Receptionist
Staff working in the section reception room registration clerk or clerk. A receptionist job description is as follows:
a. Serving guests who check-in and check-out according to procedures established by management.
b. Selling to the guest rooms.
c. Knowing all the activity going on in the hotel.
d. Read the log book and bulletin board for the latest information.
e. Creating a visitor preparation of individual and group guests.
f. Setting up the arrival and departure lists.
g. Help guests fill out the registration card.
h. Update the status on the computer room or bedroom shelf.
i. Provide appropriate information to the guest, both about the hotel and outside the hotel information.
j. Addressing guests moved rooms.

5. Reception supervisor
Supervisors receptionist is responsible for arranging, coordinating, and monitoring the sales room. Receptionist supervisor job description is as follows:
a. arrange needs the use of forms
b. Oversee the smooth and precise handling of check in and check out.
c. Do match up with the housekeeping room status differences.
d. Provide guidance and direction to the receptionist about the sale room.
e. Delivering a new policy from the front office manager.
f. Keeping the special room rates remain accurate.

6. Telephone operator
Officers at the front office department responsible for handling telephone connection, both incoming and outgoing hotel. Specifically telephone operator tasks are as follows:
a. operates switchboard correctly.
b. hygiene and neatness switchboard / workplace.
c. Implement telephone manners.
d. Serving local connection, interlokal, international.
e. Serving facsimile delivery of hotel management.
f. Serving guests who want to be woken demand at certain times.
g. Implementing rules of the hotel in case of fire.
h. Record and deliver messages from the guests.
i. Caring for and maintaining the telephone directory in order to stay up to date.
j. Create an account facsimile transmission.
k. Creating reports and international long-distance telephone connections.

7. Night auditor
The officer on duty at night, is responsible to check back all the work already done by the cashier before. This meant that the recording of transactions that occur can be done properly and correctly.

8. Front office cashier.
One department of the hotel which is located on the front and have the following main tasks:
a. Sell ​​the room.
b. Report the status of rooms.
c. To record payment of the guest account.
d. Resolving guest payments.

9. Porter
Often also called concierge or a Uniformed Service. In essence, this section has the duty and responsibility of the same, just different terms. In a large organization that has a number of hotel rooms over 300 and has a diverse system of services (various services), then the organization or the Uniformed concierge service is one part that stands alone as a department. In the hotel or the hotel is medium, the organization of this section is one section of the front office departments. While in a small hotel the porter or concierge is usually a subsection of section reception (reception).
Broadly speaking, the scope of the task of the porters are as follows:
a. Provide services in cargo handling newly arrived guest, move rooms, and guests who will leave the hotel.
b. Provide pick up and delivery service guests from and to the station or airport.
c. Giving guests a message delivery service.
d. Carry out other tasks related messenger guest services.


DEPARTMENT housekeeper
1. Executive House keeper
Main tasks of the executive house keeper is to mobilize and oversee all direct reports, as well as control operational daily maid so it can run smoothly.
Details of tasks:
a. Work program and budget plan housekeeping department.
b. Contact the front office to get information about today's expected arrival lists, guest in the house list, vip list, and the expected departure list, before taking up his duties and then forward it to every room supervisor.
c. Give special attention to vip guests.
d. Doing maintenance and recording of the hotel's belongings lost or damaged.
e. Accommodate and review and act your best compaint against all of the guests.
f. Conduct training and provide instructions for using the correct methods of work and create a harmonious working atmosphere in the housekeeping department.
g. Responsible for all costs for housekeeping purposes oprasinal, through the purchase of equipment and drugs cleaners, Lene, guest supplies, guest amenities, and others.
h. Making evaluation work of subordinates each month / year.
i. Harmonious relationship with the department head or other parts.

2. Assistant executive housekeeper
Main tasks of the assistant executive housekeeper is performing their duties and responsibilities if the party concerned is absent or is unable to carry out their duties. The details of these tasks are:
a. EHK help create a training program, the instructions executing tasks, and plan the implementation of employee training programs.
b. Controlling the work of subordinates, which includes discipline, work, and quality of work.
c. Monitor and control the situation room that has to do with the check-in, check-out, change rooms, and rooms that must be repaired (out of order).
d. antarpimpinan attend part when EHK was unable to attend.
e. Controlling the use of tools and cleaning materials and guest supplies.
f. Resolving problems that arise in HK department.
g. Apply for the purchase of equipment and cleaning materials, linen, and guest supplies to the EHK.
h. Lead and make the schedule work supervisor.
i. Coordinate supervisors and their subordinates.
j. Held a briefing with the supervisor.
k. Come build a cooperative relationship with the head of department, or other departments. He is responsible to the EHK.

3. Chief floor.
EHK has a notch below, and a floor section. Chief floor fully responsible oprasional room floor section or section is held.
Chief floor served:
a. Representing EHK (if unable to come), to convey instructions from superiors to the floor supervisors associated with oprasional in the floor section, especially in the handling of guest rooms.
b. Following the briefings or meetings that are held by management (department head meeting) represents the floor section.
c. Make time work schedule for the floor supervisor and the room boy / attendant.
d. Creating a work plan to the floor supervisor and room boy / attendant on the general cleaning, special cleaning and daily cleaning of guest rooms, especially at the time of room occupancy levels are low.
e. Giving pelatiahan (in-house tarining) to room boy / room attendant, both about how to use cleaning machines, cleaning tools, as well as those relating to the workings of the room boy to be able to work effectively and efeisien.
f. Provide direction to the floor and room sepervisor boy to confront and resolve guest complaints dikamar (floor area).
g. Apply to the employer for the addition of room boy when necessary.
h. Giving an assessment of subordinates, both floor supervisor and room boy.
i. Propose to management, through the executive housekeeper, in order to get an award for his subordinates as well as with reprimend or punissment for violations that do harm to the company.
j. Make monthly reports on the use of guest supplies and cleaning suplies to AEHK or EHK that can be used as inputs in the manufacture of floor budget section.
k. Inventory report as well as cleaning supplies, guest supplies that have been thinned so it can be made a purchase request (purchase request) by the office clerck / housekeeping secretary.
l. Receive reports from the floor supervisor when there is loss of goods belonging to the guest in the room, as well as the discovery of the belongings left in guest rooms as well as follow up.
m. Reporting to the assistant executive housekeeper or executive housekeeper if there are complaints from guests that he could not overcome.
n. Collaborate with the entire section in the housekeeping department and with other sections of the department.

4. Housekeeping secretary, office clerk, order taker.
In some hotels, housekeeping office is one of its own section in the housekeeping department.
Internal administrative activities include:
a. Making work schdule to floor supervisor, office clerk, as well as room boy / room attendant.
b. Create a daily report, weekly, or monthly for the use of various medications and cleaning by the room boy Houseman.
c. Receiving, recording, storing, and maintaining goods found in the area of ​​the hotel's guests.
d. Serving onsite work schedule and Housman room boy.
e. Serve applications for permission to boost the job, leave permission, or an extra day off housekeeping crew.
f. Recording and meleporkan to EHK if any belongings in the hotel room and then brought guests upon check out or destroyed by the guest.
g. Reporting to the EHK complain when there are guests that can not be overcome by a floor supervisor and chief floor.
h. Create in-house training schedule for the housekeeping crew.
i. Archive your outgoing mail, incoming mail, work schdule time, nor the letters permit the housekeeping staff.
The order taker tasks are:
a. Received a call from another section or from other departments as well as follow up.
b. Receive orders from guests in a room request and submit it to the boy rom or other personnel related to followed up.
c. Or telephone from outside and present it to the destination.
d. Receive and record messages from the guests to be submitted to the executive housekeeper or other staff.
e. Guest complaint noted that conveyed by telephone and guest slips for complaint in order to convey to executive housekeeper followed up.

5. Floor supervisor, supervisors room, floor captain
Details of duty as a room supervisor is as follows:
a. Held a briefing by the room boy on matters relating to state guests, for example about the VIP guests, ON, about the priority of the make-up room and room boys division.
b. Receive of assistant chief executive housekeeper or floor.
c. Sharing the pass key or keys and  room equipment to each room boy.
d. Distributing cleaning materials to the room boy according to the amount of room occupancy.
e. Make the report as a source of making room housekeeping report.
Details of supervisory tasks:
a. Using and directs human resources through his command. This means providing motivation to the subordinates to work with pleasure and passion, loved his job, and showed a good attitude and positive. This will provide encouragement, opportunities to learn and develop and be proud of his work.
b. Using, processing all available resources, such as manpower, materials, equipment, funding and methods.
c. Applying the steady regulation and company policy.
d. Implement a working relationship with all employees, ranging from superiors, peers, subordinates, and guests. A good supervisor will always strive to develop the spirit of effective cooperation.
e. Assessing the work of subordinates objectively. The subordinate should be told how well their achievements in meleksanakan work, and in an effort to improve the effectiveness of the organization, the supervisors should carry out assessment of subordinates work performance.
Department of food and beverage
 1. Food & Beverage Director
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Set menus, presentation systems, sales strategy,
directs the implementation and assessing the success
• Conduct analysis of competitors
• Develop budget kitchen FB Productions, F & B service and Stewarding
• Formulate operational cost control policy
• Dealing with issues that require immediate treatment
• Creating a harmonious relationship with colleagues and customers
• Conduct briefing on the department
• Propose to the boss, the adjustment procedure and
environmental policy in the food & beverage department if necessary
2. Assistant Food & Beverage Manager
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Coordinate the implementation of activities between kitchen, F & B
service and stewarding
• Develop work plan and assess its implementation
• Oversees the operational schedule of subordinates
• Monitor the results of physical inventory in the kitchen, F & B service and stewarding
• Monitor the implementation of the store room requisition
• Conduct performance assessment work of subordinates
• Implement the smooth operation of the various activities of the existing working relationship with the food & beverage department
• Coordinate and oversee the smooth preparation of the event event / function
• Dealing with problems who require immediate handling & reporting kpd boss
• Establish relationships with colleagues and guests
• Creating a harmonious relationship with colleagues and customers
• Provide direction and guidance to subordinates

3. Restaurant & Bar Manager
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Coordinate operations at the outlet food & beverageservice
• Coordinate the preparation and overseeing the smooth implementation of the function / event
• Assist the smooth implementation of the physical inventory
• Establish and build relationships with guests
• Helps to make reports monthly sales report, F & B
• Conduct performance assessment work of subordinates
• who require handling problems and hold a maintain & report to superiors
• Handle and monitor the changes and deviations within the operational activities
• Monitor and supervise personal hygiene, grooming and sanitasion
• Handle and supervise direct service VIP guests
• Create and foster a healthy working atmosphere
4. Head Waiter
Job descriptions and responsibilites:
• Supervise the use of par stock irregularities
• Checking completeness and accuracy of the "mise en place"
• Examining the accuracy of daily sales reports
• Directing and overseeing the smooth service in a restaurant
• Dealing with guest complaints
• Set the division of "station"
• Checking personnel hygiene, grooming and sanitation
• Assisting in arranging buffet sous chef
• Handle guest service direct VIP (Very Important Person)
• Coordinating and overseeing the implementation of clear up
• Assist the smooth conduct of physical inventory
• Checking the completeness, accuracy procurement "store room requisition"
• Establish rapport with guests
• Create a work schedule of subordinates
• Supervise subordinate discipline
• Handle guest issues
• Conduct assessment of the work of subordinates
• Create and foster a healthy working atmosphere

5. Assistant (Head Waiter Captain)
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Assist the head waiter duties
• Completing the completeness, accuracy of the mise en place
• Make daily sales reports
• Complete storage and use of par stock
• Supervise and assist the smooth precision of execution
sales service and presentation of food and beverages
• Make repair and maintanance order
• Dealing with VIP guest services directly
• Addressing the guest complaints
• Supervise and direct subordinate smooth service
• Assist the smooth implementation of the physical inventory
• Establish rapport with guests
• Create and foster a healthy working atmosphere

6. Waiter / Waitress
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Prepare the technical completeness of service
• Implement the preparation set-up the mise en place
• Conduct direct services to guests
• Taking orders / orders from the captain to be forwarded guests
the kitchen
• Implement the presentation of dishes to the guests
• Implement clear up from the coffee table
• Prepare and take the needs of linen napkin, wares, supplies
• Collecting and transporting soiled linen and dirty dishes to the laundry / stewarding
• Perform the setup table set up and clear up
• Implement and follow the orders of captain in carrying out his duties
• Clean up work area
• Establish relationships with guests
• Attend daily briefing

7. Chief Bartender
Description of duties and responsibilities:
• Supervise the storage, use of bar stock
• Completing the completeness, accuracy of the mise en place
• Make daily sales reports
• Mngawasi smooth, precise execution of mixing drinks, presentation, sales & service
• Mnysun portion standards, standard receipts, standard beverage cost b'sma with F & B cost control
• Directing, supervising the smooth service
• Addressing the guest complaints
• Set the division of "station" and oversee its implementation
• Checking personnel hygiene, grooming and sanitation
• Dealing with VIP guest services directly
• Assist the smooth implementation of the physical inventory
• Checking the completeness, accuracy procurement "store room requisition"
• Creating and maintanace repair orders
• Supervise subordinate discipline
• Handle guest issues
• Conduct assessment of the work of subordinates
• Create and foster a healthy working atmosphere

8. Room Service Order Taker
Adan job description responsibilities:
• Handle reception, recording room service to order room service captain danmenyampaikan
• Recommend and assist guests in selecting the menu
• Contacting visitors for the implementation of clear up
• Receive guest complaints and report to head waiter
• Maintain a healthy work atmosphere
• Attend briefings head waiter




Accounting department
Accounting Department.
Accounting Leadership Garuda Plaza Hotel organizationally is Executive
Assistant Manager of Administration, while the day-to-day operational
under the responsibility of Accounting Manager. The main task of leadership is
establish a personnel accounting, supervision and
implementing guidance and implementation, governing the administration of bookkeeping
that records all financial transactions that give rise to increases or
loss of property or debts of the company something.
Other duties are;
 Conducting Analise careful about the situation of the company for materials  !
decision-making for Gen eral Manager.
 Develop a pattern of financial administration in accordance with the accounting cycle with  !
any application and save the document ~ okumennya.
 To report regularly to all the company's development to  !
Board of Directors
 and help planning the internal organizational structure of Accounting  !
Department in accordance with its activities and budget arrangement merenC8nakan
company at the end of each year.
Accounting Manager assisted by several staff as in the structure
organization that is:
1. Bookkeeper
2. General Store
3. Secretary
4. General Cashier
5. Accounts Receivable
6. Cost Control
7. Cash Flow
8. Payroll
9. Income Auditor
10. Accounts Payable
11. Government Tax
12. Reseiving
13. Bill Collector
14. Nite Auditor
15. Front Office Cashier
16. Restaurant & Bar Cashier.


Human Resource Management in Hospitality
One of the most important departments of any hotel staff is human resources management. Human resource management right can distinguish between run hotel with very good or bad in a hospitality industry. Human resources manager can control almost the whole hotel. This makes the importance of human resource management for hotels.
Employees who are employed at the hotel can really change the quality of service and overall atmosphere of the hotel. This means that it is very important to select workers who are optimistic, dedicated workers for every position. It is the task of human resource managers to ensure that good and qualified people selected to work at the hotel.
Retention of employees is a major issue in the service business hotel. Because so many employees do not have a job as a destination hotel end of their careers, many of them only work in a hotel for a short amount of time. Other employees may have to come out because of poor work ethic or anything else. However, there are ways that human resource managers can curb some desire and the possibility of employees will move to another job quickly. The importance of human resource management for the hotel is very big in this field. Managers can provide good training and incentive programs that will cause employees to stay longer at the hotel. Have a clear development plan to progress to higher levels, the service also will cause employees to survive much longer. Employee development and promotion issues, another major issue for the hotel industry. Hotels that provide ways for employees to advance in position, or provide training for employees so they can acquire the necessary skills to advanced position is very important for employee retention rate.

importance of human resource management for very large hotel. There are thousands of ways that a human resource manager can make a hotel run more smoothly and more efficiently. There are many areas that could benefit from the experience and guidance of a human resources manager. It is therefore very important not to underestimate the importance of managers. Without a hotel human resource manager can not provide quality service to customers and employees.

The purpose of Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management is needed to improve the effectiveness of human resources in organizations
The goal is to give the organization an effective working unit. To achieve this goal, the study of personnel management will demonstrate how the company should acquire, develop, use, evaluate, and maintain employees in the amount (quantity) and type (quality)
Human resource management is a process to handle the various issues on the scope of the employee, employees, workers, managers and other workers to be able to support the activities of the organization or company to achieve its intended purpose
 Parts or units that usually take care of tablespoons is a human resources department or in English is called HR or human resources department. According A.F. Stoner human resource management is an ongoing procedure that aims to supply an organization or company with the right people to be placed in proper position and the position at organizations need it

HRM objectives consist of four objectives, namely
1. Organizational Objectives
Intended to be able to recognize the existence of human resource management (HRM) in contributing to the achievement of organizational effectiveness. Although formally a human resources department was created to help the managers, however, the managers remain responsible for employee performance. Human resources department assist managers in dealing with matters relating to human resources.
2. Functional Objectives
Intended to maintain the contribution of the department at a level appropriate to the needs of the organization. Human resources become worthless if the human resource management have a criterion which is lower than the level of the organization's needs.
3. Social Objectives
Intended for ethically and socially respond to the needs and challenges of society through actions minimize the negative impact on the organization. The failure of the organization in using its resources for the benefit of the community can cause barriers.
4. Personal Objectives
Intended to assist employees in achieving the goal, at least the goals that can enhance individual contributions to the organization. Personal objectives of employees should be considered if parakaryawan should be retained, retired, or motivated. If it is not considered personal goals, performance and employee satisfaction can be decreased and the employee can leave the organization. [5]
Roles, Functions, Duties and Responsibilities of Human Resource Management
EMPLOYEES AND THE ROLE The role of HRM employees for a company in the form of their involvement in the planning, systems, processes and objectives to be achieved by the company. Speaking about the role of labor, must be distinguished between those who have jobs and those who work. R. Kyosaki call it in four stages (quadrant), namely self-employed, employe, businessmen and investors. Employees are those working on other people to sell their services, time, energy and thoughts for the company and get kopensasi of those companies. But speaking of labor is still common. Because there is no work, that work (on other people / state / private) and those who work alone. In HRM who want ditelah are employees (those who sell services, thoughts, energy and time-to another person or company. Here occurs a bond or contract regarding the rights and obligations of each.
HRM ROLE IS SETTING AND SETTING staffing PROGRAMS INCLUDE: 1. QUANTITY, QUALITY AND PLACEMENT OF LABOR D EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS NEEDS. MUST be described in JOB DESCRIPTION. 2. WITHDRAWAL SET, SELECTION AND PLACEMENT EMPLOYEES UNDER THE PRINCIPLE IN MAN rigt rigt THE RIGHT PLACE AND THE MAN IN THE RIGHT JOB. 3. WELL-BEING SET PROGRAM, DEVELOPMENT, PROMOTION AND DISMISSAL 4. KNOWING labor laws DLL. (BY Felix Atawollo) (
Plan
Preparation and selection of labor (Preparation and selection)
Preparation. In the process of preparation to do the planning human resource requirements by determining the various jobs that may arise. What can be done is to estimate / forecast will be the vacant job, the amount, time, and so forth. There are two factors to be considered in the preparation, ie internal factors such as the number of new employees' needs, organizational structure, existing departments, and others. External factors such as employment law, labor conditions pasa, and so forth.
Recruitment & Selection
1. Workforce recruitment / Recruitment. Recruitment is a process to find potential employees or candidates, employees, workers, managers, or a new workforce to meet the needs of tablespoons oraganisasi or company. In this stage the existing job analysis necessary to create a job description / job description and job specification / job specification
2. Labor Selection / Selection. Selection labor is a process of finding the right employment of the many existing candidate or candidates. The initial phase needs to be done after receiving the applicant is looking at a resume / cv / curriculum vittae owned by the applicant. Then the applicant do the sorting of cv between applicants who will be called by that fail to meet standards of a job. Then the next is called the candidate elected to do a written test exam, job interview / interviews and other selection processes.

According Zurnali Cut (2010), an organization or company should be able to find and attract prospective employees who have the ability to work with using information and communications technology, commonly referred to as knowledge workers (knowledge workers). Quoting Drucker (2002:135): The most important contribution management needs in the 21st century is to increase the productivity of knowledge work (knowledge work) while increasing the productivity of knowledge workers (knowledge workers). The productivity of knowledge work (knowledge work) means the company increased its coverage on the use of technology-based knowledge, including use as closely as possible the use of information and communication technologies in enhancing profitable while strengthening the competitiveness (competiveness) company. Working knowledge is a reality that must be faced by any company or any organization, whether profit organization (agency, or corporation) and nonprofit organizations (such as government offices or NGOs). While the increased productivity of knowledge workers (knowledge workers) how to make the most meaningful knowledge and skills of knowledge workers in carrying out any work or tasks assigned to their company.

Zurnali Cut (2010) defines knowledge workers or knowledge worker (K-Worker) as an employee of an organization that is responsible to design, build, test, maintain, and operate the infrastructure and applications with the touch of organizational information and communication technology so as to achieve organizational goals effective and efficient and can provide satisfaction for the stakeholders of the organization.

Further explained that distinctiveness lies in the existence of knowledge workers to enjoy the freedom of autonomy on the job, moving, and against the command and control culture. During its development, K-workers tend to have the ability to operate a company so they have one or more firms that can be either commercial or non-profit company. A variety of enterprise knowledge can choose to help put the area of ​​knowledge and technology usually reserved for the development of skills in key industries such as telecommunications industry, mining, automotive, semi conductor, and biotechnology.



1. Workforce that works for the organization or company must master the job duties and responsibilities.
2. Compensation is very important and adapted to labor market conditions that exist in the external environment. Protection also should be given to workers in order to carry out his job with quiet performance and contributions of workers so that they can stick to a maximum from time to time.

Sabtu, 22 Oktober 2011

strategic planning and oprational planning

Planning is one of the four functions of management are important and interlinked with each other. Speaking of planning, we are faced with the question of whether a plan went well or not. This fundamental question asked when we would actually see the reality of everyday life that shows the number of failures due to wrong planning and inappropriate. Errors may be planning earlier planning itself or in the planning processes that take place.
Many government planning fails because of what is planned does not have a footing that is relevant to social and cultural conditions. Sometimes even over - rather program undertaken to empower the community, but in the end turned out to create dependency on government. This means that the government always gives the fish, not the hook as it is often delivered by several experts. Given this reality, there was a big question mark for planners, why this happens. This short article to description planning studies in a fundamental perspective relating to the philosophy, goals and planning processes can explain everything without pretension.


Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and make decisions to allocate resources to pursue this strategy, including capital and people. In order to determine where it goes, the organization needs to know exactly where he stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it will get there. "Documents produced so-called" strategic plan. "
While strategic planning can be effectively used to plan long-term direction of the company, one can not use it to reliably predict how the market will evolve and what issues will arise in the near future. Therefore, strategic innovation and tinkering with the "strategic plan" must be a cornerstone strategy for an organization to survive the turbulent business climate.
All strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions: All of the strategic planning associated with at least one of the three key questions:
1. "What do we do?"
2. "To whom do we do?"
3. "How do we excel?"
In strategic business planning, some authors phrase the third question as "How can we beat or avoid competition? (Bradford and Duncan, page 1). But this approach is more about beating the competition than on winning.
In many organizations, this is seen as a process to determine where an organization will over the next year or-more specifically-3 to 5 years (long term), although some extend their vision for 20 years.
Strategy: Strategy, narrowly defined, means "public art" (from the Greek stratigos). The combination of the end (goal) that the company is struggling and the means (policies) by which he tried to get there. A strategy is sometimes called the road map which is the path chosen to plow towards the final vision. The most important part of the implementation of the strategy is to make sure the company will be in the right direction towards the vision of the end.

Organizations sometimes summarize goals and objectives into a mission statement and / or vision statement. Others started with the vision and mission and use it to formulate goals and objectives.
While the existence of a shared mission is very useful, many strategy specialists question the requirement for a written mission statement. However, there are many models of strategic planning that began with a mission statement, so it is useful to examine them here.
Mission Statement tells you the fundamental goals of the organization. It defines the customer and the critical processes. It defines the customer and critical process. It tells you about the desired performance level.
Vision statement outlines what the organization wants to be, or how he wants the world in which it operates to be. It Concentrates on the future. It is concentrating on the future. It is a source of inspiration. It provides clear decision-making criteria.
An advantage of having a statement Is that it creates value for Those WHO get exposed to the statement, and Those prospects are managers, employees and customers Sometimes events. An advantage of having a statement is that it creates value for those who get exposed to the statement, and their prospects for managers, employees and sometimes even customers. Statements create a sense of direction and opportunity. The report creates a sense of direction and opportunity. They Both are an essential part of the strategy-making process. They both are an important part of the strategy process.
Many people mistake vision statement for mission statement, and sometimes one simply used as another version of the long term. The vision should explain why it is important to achieve the mission. The vision statement defines the purpose or broader goal because of the presence or in the business and can remain the same for decades if well made. Mission statements are more specific to what the company can achieve itself. The vision should describe what will be achieved in a broader scope if organizations and others succeeded in achieving their respective missions.
A mission statement can resemble a vision statement in some companies, but it could be a big mistake. This can confuse people. A mission statement can galvanize people to achieve its intended purpose, even if they are stretch objectives, provided that can be described in the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound) terms. A mission statement provides a path to realize the vision in line with its values. This statement directly impact the bottom line and organizational success.
Which came first? A mission statement or vision statement?. It depends. If you have a new start up businesses, a new program or plan to reset your current service, then the vision will guide the rest of the mission statement and strategic plan. If you have an established business where the mission is set, then many times, mission and vision statements guide the rest of the strategic plan. Either way, you need to know your basic goal - mission, your current situation in terms of internal resources and capabilities (strengths and / or weaknesses) and external conditions (opportunities and / or threats), and where you want to go - the vision for the future. ]. It's important that you keep the desired end or result in the visible from the beginning. Features of effective vision statement include:
• Clarity and lack of ambiguity
• Life and clear images
• Description of a bright future
• Memorable and exciting words
• Realistic aspirations
• In line with organizational values ​​and culture
To be truly effective, an organizational vision statement must (the theory states) become assimilated into the culture of the organization. Leaders have the responsibility of communicating the vision regularly, creating narratives that illustrate the vision, acting as a role model by realizing a vision, creating short-term objectives compatible with the vision, and encourage others to craft their own personal vision compatible with the overall organizational vision. In addition, the mission statement should be a goal of internal assessment and external assessment. Internal assessment should focus on how members of the organization interpret their mission statement. External assessment - which includes all business stakeholders - is valuable because it offers a different perspective. This difference between the two assessments can provide insight on the effectiveness of the organization's mission statement.
Another approach to defining the vision and mission is to ask two questions first, "What does the organization have aspirations for a world in which it operates and have influence over?", And following on from this, "What can (and / or not) the organization perform or contribute to fulfill their aspirations? " . Concise answers to the first question provides a basis .. Vision Statement The answer to the second question determines the Mission Statement.

Planning oprational
In management, planning is the process of defining organizational goals, create strategies to achieve that goal, and develop a plan of organization of work activities. Planning is the most important of all management functions of planning because without the other functions, organizing, directing, and controlling, will not be able to walk.
The plan can be either informal or formal plan plan. Informal plan is a plan that is not written and is not a member of an organization's shared goals. While the formal plan is a written plan of an organization that must be implemented  within a certain timeframe. Formal plan is a plan with members of the corporation, that is, each member must know and execute the plan. Formal plans are made to reduce ambiguity and mutual understanding of what to do.
Stephen Robbins and Mary Coulter put a lot of planning objectives. The first objective is to provide guidance for both managers and employees non managerial. Under the plan, employees can find out what they need to accomplish, with whom they must work together, and what should be done to achieve organizational goals. Without a plan, and individual departments may be working independently at random, so the work is less efficient organizations.
The second objective is to reduce uncertainty. When a manager makes a plan, he was forced to look further ahead, predicting the change, estimating the effect of the change, and develop a plan to deal with it.
The third objective is to minimize waste. With a purposeful and planned work, employees can work more efficiently and reduce waste. In addition, with the plan, a manager can also identify and remove things that can cause efficiency in the company.
The last goal is to set goals and standards used in subsequent function, namely the process of controlling and evaluating. Evaluating the process is the process of evaluating or comparing the plan with the existing reality. Without a plan, managers will not be able to assess the performance of the company.
In addition to four, most studies show a link between planning with corporate performance.

Elements of planning

Planning consists of two essential elements, namely objectives (goals) and the plan itself (plan).
[Edit] Targets

Target is to be achieved by the individual, group, or an entire organization. Targets are often called destination. Objectives guide the management to make decisions and create criteria to measure a job.

Targets can be divided into two groups, namely the declared target (Stated goals) and the real target. Stated goals are stated organizational goals to the public. Goals like these can be seen in the company charter, annual reports, announcements of public relations, or public statements made by management. Stated goals often conflict with reality and are made only to meet the demands of corporate stakeholders. While the real goal is a goal that really cool by the company. The real target can only be known from the actions of the organization and its members.

There are two main approaches that can be used to achieve organizational goals. The first approach is called the traditional approach. In this approach, top managers provide common goals, which is then passed down by his subordinates into sub-goals (subgoals) which is more detailed. His subordinates were then lowered it to his men, and continues until it reaches the lowest level. This approach assumes that top managers are the people who know everything because they have seen the big picture company. The main difficulty occurs in the translation process target superiors by subordinates. Often, employers provide a scope is too broad goals such as "improve performance," "raise profit," or "develop the company," so the subordinate difficulty translating these goals and ultimately  intent that goal (see figure).

The second approach is called management by objectives, or MBO. In this approach, goals and objectives of the organization is not determined by top managers, but also by the employees. Managers and employees together to make the goals they want to achieve. In this way, employees will feel valued so that their productivity will increase. But there are some weaknesses in the MBO approach. First, negotiation and decision making in the MBO approach requires a lot of time, making it less suitable when applied to a highly dynamic business environment. Second, the tendency of employees to work to meet targets without regard to his coworkers, so teamwork is reduced. They say MBO  mere formality, which ultimately determines the target is the top management itself.
[Edit] Plan

Plan or plan is a document used as a scheme to achieve the goal. The plan usually includes the allocation of resources, scedule, and other important measures. The plan is divided based on the scope, duration, specificity, and frequency of use. Based on the scope, the plan can be divided into strategic plans and operational plans. The strategic plan is a general plan that applies throughout the organization while operational plan is a plan that governs the daily activities of member organizations.

Based on the time period, the plan can be divided into long-term plans and short term plans. Long-term plan is generally defined as a plan with a term of three years, short-term plan is a plan that has a period of one year. While plans are in between the two is said to have an intermediate time frame.

According to the specificity, the plan is divided into specific plans and directional plans. Directional plans are plans that only provide general guidelines, not detailed. For example, a manager told employees to "increase profits by 15%." Managers do not tell what to do to achieve the 15% that. Such a plan is very flexible, but high levels of ambiguity. While the specific plan is the plan in detail to determine the ways that must be done to achieve the goal. In addition to telling employees to "increase profits by 15%," he also gave detailed orders, for example by expanding the market, reduce costs, and others.

Finally, the plan divided by the frequency of its consumer, is single use or standing. Single-use plans are plans that are designed to be carried out only once. An example is "building a factory in China 6 units or" sales reached 1,000,000 units in 2006. "While standing plans are plans that run for the company's stand, which includes procedures, regulations, policies, and others.